Polyester yarn – it is a kind of chemical fibers. Chemical fibers – these are fibers produced by chemical processing of natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds. Chemical fibers (polyester yarns), depending on the nature of the raw materials are divided into artificial and synthetic. Synthetic fibers (including polyester yarns) produced from the natural macromolecular compounds – polymers. The starting material for most types of artificial fibers (viscose, copper and ammonia, acetate fiber) is cellulose. Cellulose is very common in plant materials, and is never found in pure form. From the large number of plant materials, practical importance for the selection of cellulose were cotton fluff and wood (mostly spruce).
Also to artificial people refer group of protein fibers made of food: milk, peanut, soybean, maize grain. Polyester yarns are made of polymers prepared synthetically from simple fiber-monomers, which are by-products of coal, oil and gas. Polyester fiber is a single (elementary) fiber, which is formed from a trickle of the dissolved or molten polymer, resulting from a single hole of draw plate. At enterprises of chemical fibers (including polyester yarns) people produce:
- Complex fibers, consisting of 2 or more single fibers interconnected by twisting or gluing. Complex yarns are divided into 2 groups – textiles and technical (different twist and thickness).
- Staple fiber, which is the short stretches of single fibers.
- Monofilament – a single thread of long. Complex yarns and monofilament is used for rolling with the finished wool or other yarn, and in the process of forming reinforced fiber (when wool or cotton fibers twist around monofilament).
Chemical cutting fiber is used as a component of the mixture in carded. In worsted as a component of the mixture is mostly used tow of fibers. Stapling – a formation of fibers of given length. Stapling ribbon of fibers is used for high volume production of yarn (in use acrylic). Synthetic fibers (including polyester fabric), depending on their chemical structure and method of manufacture are classified: Nylon – fosta nylon or nylon. It is made from resin prepared from phenol, benzene and acetate. These fibers are very lightweight, have high strength and elasticity, greater resistance to abrasion. When you add in 7-10% of nylon wool fiber increases the strength and elasticity of the mixed yarn.
Polyester – lavsan, polyester yarns. For the manufacture people use benzene and ethylene glycol. Polyester yarns have wool-like appearance, the most resistant to the crushed, well cleared and preserve the form of products, resistant to stains. Polyester yarns are not only complementary, but also improve some properties of the yarn.
Artificial and synthetic fibers of all kinds are got (formed) by punching the spinning solution or melt through the die. The most important role in the forming process (including forming of polyester yarns) belongs to spinneret, which divides the flow of spinning on separate streams, turning after release from the holes in the spinnerets filaments. The number of holes in the spinneret and the diameter determines the number of filaments and their fineness. Next comes the spinning jets of solution (or the molten mass) and the subsequent finishing and torsion of obtained fibers.